Making a black and white print

• Timers
• Drying Cabinets
• Tongs Or Spatula
• Enlargers
• Focusing Aids
• Safelights

• Stop Bath
• Film Developer
• Fixer
• Hypo Clearing Agent
• Wetting Agent
• Chemical "life span"
• Chemical Disposal

• Secure the lens in the enlarger head.
  Switch off the enlarger light. Place a sheet of print paper on the baseboard, emulsion, or shiny side, up. Then to develop the print place the exposed print paper in the developer tray. Drain all the liquid and then place in the stopbath for 15 seconds and fiber-based paper for 30 seconds. Move to fixer for 2 minnutes and place in wash for 2-5 minutes. Take it out and place it on the dry cabinet. To make the print,
  Switch on the enlarger light. Place a masking easel - a flat metal plate with sliding arms on all four sides for cropping the image manually - on the baseboard. Place it side up on the easel.
  Switch off the enlarger light and place a sheet of unused print paper emulsion-side-up on the easel. Select a filter if using variable contrast paper. Lastly, set the aperture and timer using the test-strip as a guide.



•  emulsion- is a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids.
• aperture- is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
• masking easel-
• Exposure-  is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium or during the process of taking a photograph.
• safe light- is a light source suitable for use in a photographic darkroom.
•  dodging- decreases the exposure for areas of the print that the photographer wishes to be lighter.
• burning- increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker.